WiseBee

Fucus

2005-11-17T15:10:00.000-08:00

Also called Rockweed, genus of brown algae, common on rocky seacoasts and in salt marshes of northern temperate regions. Adaptations to its environment include bladderlike floats (pneumatocysts), disk-shaped holdfasts for clinging to rocks, and mucilage-covered blades for resisting desiccation and temperature changes. The plant is between 25 and 30 centimetres (9.8 to 11.8 inches)

Quantum Number

2005-10-15T11:00:00.000-07:00

The principal quantum number for electrons confined

Mauldin, Bill

2005-07-28T08:50:00.000-07:00

After studying cartooning at the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts,

Lustred Glass

2005-07-26T14:25:00.000-07:00

Art glass in the Art Nouveau style. It is a delicately iridescent glass with rich colours. Lustred glass was first produced in the United States by Louis Comfort Tiffany during the late 1800s for use as windowpanes. The intention of the inventor of Tiffany lustred glass, Arthur J. Nash, was to recreate artificially the natural iridescent sheen produced by the corrosion

Feldkirch

2005-07-24T03:20:00.000-07:00

Town, Bundesland (federal province) Vorarlberg, western Austria. It lies along the Ill River, near the Liechtenstein border, about 48 miles (77 km) east-southeast of Zürich, Switzerland. First mentioned as Veldkirichae (Veldkirichum) in 830, the settlement belonged to the counts of Montfort from 1190 until it was sold to Austria in 1375. It was chartered in 1218. Schattenburg castle, the Montforts'

Argentina, Mesopotamia

2005-07-07T04:45:00.000-07:00

East of the Gran Chaco, in a narrow depression 60 to 180 miles (100 to 300 km) wide, lies Mesopotamia, which is bordered to the north by the highlands of southern Brazil. The narrow lowland stretches for 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southward, finally merging with the Pampas south of the Río de la Plata. Its designation as Mesopotamia (Greek: “Between the Rivers”) reflects the fact that its western and eastern

Biblical Literature, Textual ambiguities

2005-07-01T07:20:00.000-07:00

The writing called the Letter to the Hebrews, which was known and accepted in the Eastern church by the 2nd century, was included also by the Western church as the 14th Pauline epistle when the canon of East and West was assimilated and fixed in 367. Hebrews has no salutation giving the name of either the writer or the addressees, although it does have a doxology and greeting

Anthony Melissa

2005-06-21T18:45:00.000-07:00

Anthony, whose surname is derived from the title of his chief work, Melissa (Greek: “The Bee”), compiled an anthology based largely on two leading

Rand, Ayn

2005-06-16T22:20:00.000-07:00

Rand graduated from the University of Petrograd in 1924 and two years later immigrated to the United States. She initially worked as a screenwriter

Aerospace Industry, Spacecraft

2005-06-13T17:10:00.000-07:00

Unmanned spacecraft are called satellites when they operate in Earth orbit and space probes when launched on a trajectory away from the Earth toward other bodies or into deep space. Whereas probes are designed for scientific missions, satellites have a wide variety of civil and military applications such as weather observation, remote sensing, surveillance,

Aldrich, Robert

2005-06-02T00:15:00.000-07:00

Aldrich entered the motion-picture industry as a production clerk at RKO in 1941 and was made assistant director and production manager at Enterprise Studios in the late 1940s. After working with such directors as Jean

Cambrian Period, Boundaries and subdivisions

2005-05-18T17:15:00.000-07:00

The lower boundary of the Cambrian System is defined at a formal global stratotype section and point (GSSP), which was ratified by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) in 1992. The stratotype section is located at Fortune Head on the Burin Peninsula of southeastern Newfoundland in Canada. It contains a thick and continuous marine succession of mostly

Augrabies Falls

2005-05-16T22:15:00.000-07:00

Also spelled Aughrabies Falls, series of separately channeled cataracts and rapids on the Orange River in arid Northern Cape province, South Africa. The falls, which form the central feature of Augrabies Falls National Park (established in 1966), occur where the Orange River leaves a plateau formation of resistant granite. The main fall of water is 305 feet (93 m); and the total drop is about 625 feet (191 m). At the bottom

Amir Khosrow

2005-05-14T19:55:00.000-07:00

Amir Khosrow was the son of a Turkish officer in the service of Iltutmish, sultan of Delhi, and for his entire life he enjoyed the patronage of the Muslim rulers of Delhi, especially Sultan Ghiyas-ud-Din Balban and his son Muhammad Khan of Multan. During his youth

Fribourg

2005-03-15T00:11:00.000-08:00

German �Freiburg, � canton, western Switzerland, bounded by Lake Neuch�tel and the cantons of Vaud on the west and south and Bern on the east, with enclaves within Vaud. Occupying an area of 644 sq mi (1,669 sq km), it lies in an elevated plain (Swiss Plateau) and rises from flat land in the west through a hilly region up to the PreAlps in the south and east. The highest summits are to the south in La Gruy�re

Conductus

2005-03-14T18:29:00.000-08:00

In the 13th century the conductus was one of three genres that dominated French polyphonic music. Unlike the organum and the motet, however, which were based on preexisting chants,

Pet Shop Boys, The

2005-03-11T05:57:00.000-08:00

Formed in London in 1981 by vocalist Tennant (then a writer for the music magazine Smash Hits) and keyboardist Lowe, the Pet Shop

Light Bulb

2005-03-07T11:55:00.000-08:00

Electric incandescent lamp based on a glowing metallic filament enclosed within a glass shell filled with an inert gas such as nitrogen. See incandescent lamp; lamp.

Saccopastore Skulls

2005-03-06T00:29:00.000-08:00

The strong development of the brow ridges (responsible for the so-called beetle-browed look) and the low, flat crown, large jaw, and

Cond�, Henri I De Bourbon, 2e Prince De (2nd Prince Of)

2005-03-05T20:31:00.000-08:00

His father's death left him and his cousin Henry of Navarre (the future Henry IV) as titular leaders of the Huguenots. After the Peace of Saint-Germain (1570) Cond� retired to B�arn and married

Breckinridge, Sophonisba Preston

2005-03-04T09:08:00.000-08:00

Breckinridge graduated from Wellesley College in 1888. After a time as a schoolteacher in Washington, D.C., she studied law in her father's office and in 1895 became the first woman to be admitted to the Kentucky bar. Uninterested in legal practice, she

Singhasari

2005-03-03T03:45:00.000-08:00

Kingdom based in eastern Java that emerged in the first half of the 13th century after the decline of the kingdom of Kadiri. Singhasari's first king, Ken Angrok (or Ken Arok), defeated the king of Kadiri, Kertajaya, in 1222. The last king of Singhasari, Kertanagara (q.v.; 1268 - 92), was able to unite eastern Java temporarily. Toward the end of Kertanagara's reign, Kublai Khan, the great khan of the Mongols

Tarantella

2005-03-02T19:27:00.000-08:00

Couple folk dance of Italy characterized by light, quick steps and teasing, flirtatious behaviour between partners; women dancers frequently carry tambourines. The music is in lively 6/8 time. Tarantellas for two couples are also danced. The tarantella's origin is connected with tarantism, a disease or form of hysteria that appeared in Italy in the 15th to the 17th

Judaism, Sa'adia ben Joseph

2005-03-01T04:31:00.000-08:00

This belief in reason, as well as some of the tenets of Mu'tazilite theology, were taken over by Sa'adia ben Joseph, who was also influenced, either directly or through the intermediary of an Arabic philosopher, by the arguments of a Christian 6th-century philosopher, John Philoponus, against certain Aristotelian and Neoplatonic positions. Sa'adia's main theological

Subarkose

2005-02-28T07:09:00.000-08:00

Variety of sandstone in which 5 - 25 percent of the sand grains are composed of feldspar. See arkose.

World Water Crisis: Is There A Way Out?

2005-02-27T14:28:00.000-08:00

In 1995 Swedish hydrologist Malin Falkenmark made a revolutionary contribution to hydrologic studies by distinguishing blue water, by which she meant all precipitation that contributes to stream runoff and groundwater and is readily withdrawn for human use, from green water, which is all precipitation that is transpired by vegetation or evaporated from the soil

Graz

2005-02-25T16:11:00.000-08:00

City, capital of Bundesland (federal state) Steiermark, southeastern Austria. The country's second largest city, it lies on the Mur River between the Styrian Alps and a wide, fertile valley, the Grazerfeld. In the 9th century there was probably a fortress on the Schlossberg, a rocky cone (1,552 feet [473 m]) that dominates the city. The name Graz is derived from gradec, a Slavic word meaning

Puente-genil

2005-02-24T14:25:00.000-08:00

Town, Cordova province, in the comunidad aut�noma (�autonomous community�) of Andalusia, southern Spain, located south of Cordova city, on the Cordova - M�laga railway. An agricultural centre, Puente-Genil produces olive oil, quince and other fruit jellies, linen, and insecticides. It takes its name from the bridge (puente) over the Genil River connecting the two sections

Manet, �douard

2005-02-23T22:30:00.000-08:00

French painter who broke new ground by defying traditional techniques of representation and by choosing subjects from the events and circumstances of his own time. His D�jeuner sur l'herbe (�Luncheon on the Grass�), exhibited in 1863 at the Salon des Refus�s, aroused the hostility of critics and the enthusiasm of the young painters who

Rabat

2005-02-22T19:56:00.000-08:00

The history of Rabat is closely connected to that of neighbouring Sal�, the site of which was first occupied by the Roman settlement of Sala (Shella). During the 10th century, Sal� was established by the Zenata Berbers, who were orthodox

Lodge, Henry Cabot

2005-02-21T02:41:00.000-08:00

Lodge received in 1876 the first Ph.D. in political science to be granted by Harvard University. He remained at Harvard for the next three years as instructor in American

Spoonbill

2005-02-20T15:14:00.000-08:00

Also called �Spoonbill Cat, � primitive North American fish, a species of paddlefish (q.v.).

Walter Of Coventry

2005-02-19T15:45:00.000-08:00

Walter was not a historian or chronicler in his own right; he merely brought together the works of Marianus Scotus, Florence of Worcester, Henry of Huntingdon, Roger of Hoveden, and

Lutheran Church In W�rttemberg

2005-02-18T09:01:00.000-08:00

Independent Lutheran church established in the duchy of W�rttemberg in 1534 during the Protestant Reformation in Germany. A strong Lutheran church throughout the centuries, it was influenced in the 17th and 18th centuries by Pietism, the Lutheran-based movement that emphasized personal religious experience and reform. It became independent of the state after Germany

Shadwell, Thomas

2005-02-17T18:40:00.000-08:00

Educated at Cambridge and at the Middle Temple, London, after the Restoration (1660) Shadwell became one of the court wits and an acquaintance of Sir Robert Howard and his brother, Edward, both of whom he satirized in The Sullen

Masaoka Shiki

2005-02-16T07:22:00.000-08:00

Masaoka was born into a samurai (warrior) family. He went to Tokyo to study in 1883 and began to write poetry in 1885. After studying at Tokyo Imperial University from 1890 to 1892, he joined a publishing firm. During his brief service with the Japanese army as a correspondent

Xiaozhuan

2005-02-15T19:38:00.000-08:00

Wade-Giles romanization �hsiao-chuan� in Chinese calligraphy, a standardized and simplified form of the earlier dazhuan script, in which all lines are of even thickness and curves and circles are relatively predominant. Its development during the Qin dynasty (221 - 206 BC) is traditionally attributed to Li Si, a minister of that dynasty. The Qin dynasty created the first Chinese empire, under which customs, laws, and

Sea Snake

2005-02-14T09:53:00.000-08:00

Any of more than 50 species of venomous marine snakes of the family Hydrophiidae. In adaptation to marine life, sea snakes have oarlike tails and flattened bodies. Their nostrils have valvelike closings and are usually on top of the snout. Several sea snakes have bodies much thicker than their heads and necks affording them greater stability

France, History Of, France from 1490 to 1715

2005-02-13T10:18:00.000-08:00

David Buisseret and Bernard Barbiche (eds.), Les ��conomies Royales� de Sully (1970), offers an excellent analysis of Sully's political history of the reign of Henry IV; Roger Dou�et, Les Institutions de la France au XVIe si�cle, 2 vol. (1948), examines central, local, and religious bodies; and A.D. Lublinskaya, French Absolutism: The Crucial Phase, 1620 - 1629 (1968; originally published in Russian, 1965), discusses the economic crisis of the 17th century. Political corruption is studied in Roland Mousnier, La V�nalit� des offices sous Henri IV et Louis XIII, 2nd rev. ed. (1971); and Roland Mousnier (ed.), Lettres et m�moires adress�s au Chancelier S�guier, 1633 - 1649, 2 vol. (1964), the introduction to which also contains Mousnier's conclusions on the controversial subject of popular uprisings during this period. For more on this subject, see Boris Porchnev, Les Soul�vements populaires en France de 1623 � 1648 (1963, reissued 1972). Orest Ranum, Richelieu and the Councillors of Louis XIII (1963, reprinted 1976), is important for an understanding of Richelieu's real position; see also Joseph Bergin, Cardinal Richelieu: Power and the Pursuit of Wealth (1985). Detailed analyses of political forces include J.H. Shennan, The Parlement of Paris (1968); A. Lloyd Moote, The Revolt of the Judges: The Parlement of Paris and the Fronde, 1643 - 1652 (1972); N.M. Sutherland, The French Secretaries of State in the Age of Catherine de Medici (1962, reprinted 1976); Richard Bonney, The King's Debts: Finance and Politics in France, 1589 - 1661 (1981), and Society and Government in France Under Richelieu and Mazarin, 1624 - 61 (1988); and Mark Greengrass, France in the Age of Henri IV: The Struggle for Stability (1984). A survey of constitutional history is offered in Sarah Hanley, The Lit de Justice of the Kings of France: Constitutional Ideology in Legend, Ritual, and Discourse (1983). Robert R. Harding, Anatomy of a Power Elite: The Provincial Governors of Early Modern France (1978), examines local governments. Decentralization in government is discussed in Sharon Kettering, Patrons, Brokers, and Clients in Seventeenth-Century France (1986); and political representation in J. Russell Major, Representative Government in Early Modern France (1980). See also R.J. Knecht, Francis I (1982); and David Parker, The Making of French Absolutism (1983). Donald R. Kelley, The Beginning of Ideology: Consciousness and Society in the French Reformation (1981), is a study of political thought; see also Jean Orcibal, Saint-Cyran et le jans�nisme (1961). On social conditions, see Robert Mandrou, Classes et luttes de classes en France au d�but du XVIIe si�cle (1965); James R. Farr, Hands of Honor: Artisans and Their World in Dijon, 1550 - 1650 (1988); and Georges Vigarello, Concepts of Cleanliness: Changing Attitudes in France Since the Middle Ages (1988; originally published in French, 1985).

Gabelle

2005-02-12T01:05:00.000-08:00

In the 14th century the gabelle denoted any tax on the sale of consumer goods; an ordinance of 1360 made it a permanent tax. In the 15th century the gabelle began to mean specifically the salt tax, that is, a tax on consumption of salt. The nobility, the clergy, and certain other privileged

Clapperton, Hugh

2005-02-11T22:02:00.000-08:00

The first European explorer in West Africa to return with a firsthand account of the region now known as northern Nigeria. Following service in the Royal Navy, he joined explorers Dixon Denham and Walter Oudney in a British government expedition that journeyed southward from Tripoli across the Sahara. Early

Pie

2005-02-10T23:33:00.000-08:00

Hungarian �P�sty�n, � town, Z�padn� Slovensko kraj (region), Slovakia, on the V�h River, approximately 48 miles (77 km) northeast of Bratislava. Pie

Biblical Literature, Jewish versions

2005-02-09T09:13:00.000-08:00

Though Jews in English-speaking lands generally utilized the King James Version and the Revised Version, the English versions have presented great difficulties. They contain departures from the traditional Hebrew text; they sometimes embody Christological interpretations; the headings were often doctrinally objectionable and the renderings in the legal

La Grande River

2005-02-08T17:12:00.000-08:00

Formerly �Fort George River, � river in Nord-du-Qu�bec region, north-central Quebec province, Canada. Rising from Nichicun Lake in the Otish Mountains of central Quebec, it descends 1,737 feet (529 m) in its westward journey to James Bay, which forms part of Hudson Bay. For most of the river's course of 555 miles (893 km), its valley is almost uninhabited.

Lipton, Seymour

2005-02-06T19:33:00.000-08:00

Lipton attended City College of New York, studied dentistry at Columbia University (1923 - 27), and had no formal art training. He embarked on his artistic career in 1932 as a figurative sculptor, primarily in wood; when he shifted to abstract work after 1945, his major

Tar-baby

2005-02-05T09:35:00.000-08:00

In Harris' version,

Biblical Literature, Other Pentateuchal theories

2005-02-04T19:58:00.000-08:00

This documentary theory of the composition of the Pentateuch has been challenged by eminent 20th-century scholars who have offered alternative or additional methods of analysis and interpretation. Form criticism, for example, has stressed particular literary forms and the historical setting out of which they arose: the sagas, laws, legends, and other forms and

Cort�s, Hern�n, Marqu�s Del Valle De Oaxaca

2005-02-03T15:34:00.000-08:00

Cort�s was the son of Mart�n Cort�s de Monroy and of Do�a Catalina Pizarro Altamarino - names of ancient lineage. �They had little wealth, but much honour,� according to Cort�s's secretary,

R�ma

2005-02-02T23:54:00.000-08:00

One of three genres of popular early Icelandic poetry (the other two being dances and ballads), r�mur were produced from the 14th to the 19th century. They combine an end-rhymed metrical form derived from Latin hymns with the techniques of syllable counting, alliteration

Jackson, Andrew

2005-02-01T18:03:00.000-08:00

Jackson retired to his home, the Hermitage. For decades in poor health, he was virtually an invalid during the remaining eight years of his life, but he continued to have a lively interest in public affairs.

Latina

2005-01-31T04:11:00.000-08:00

City, capital of Latina provincia, Lazio (Latium) regione, south-central Italy, 40 miles (64 km) southeast of Rome. Built in 1932 as the first centre of the newly reclaimed Agro Pontino (see Pontine Marshes), it became the provincial capital when Latina province was formed from Roma province in 1934. Both the town and the province were known as Littoria until 1947. Latina has a beet-sugar refinery,

Shafi'iyah

2005-01-30T19:59:00.000-08:00

Also called �Madhhab Shafi'i�, English �Shafiites� in Islam, one of the four Sunni schools of religious law, derived from the teachings of Abu 'Abd Allah ash-Shafi'i (767 - 820). This legal school (madhhab) stabilized the bases of Islamic legal theory, admitting the validity of both divine will and human speculation. Rejecting provincial dependence on the living sunnah (traditional community practice) as the source of precedent, the Shafiites

Shafi'iyah

2005-01-29T05:10:00.000-08:00

Its music directors have been Fredrick Stock

Andania Mysteries

2005-01-28T06:47:00.000-08:00

Ancient Greek mystery cult, held in honour of the earth goddess Demeter and her daughter Kore (Persephone) at the town of Andania in Messenia. A long inscription of 92 BC gives elaborate directions for the conduct of the rites, although it relates no details of the initiation ceremonies. The ritual was performed by certain �holy ones� of both sexes, who were chosen from the

Infection, Rabies

2005-01-27T05:07:00.000-08:00

Rabies virus is associated with dogs, foxes, jackals, and wolves, among other smaller animals, and has an odd association with vampire bats. In the plains of South America, these bats feed on the blood of cattle, and the death of cattle from paralytic rabies is a serious economic problem there. The bats themselves become rabid and bite other bats, but the spread of rabies

Arnold, Matthew

2005-01-26T02:34:00.000-08:00

It is said that when the poet in Arnold died, the critic was born; and it is true that from this time onward he turned almost entirely to prose. Some of the leading ideas and phrases were early put into currency in Essays in Criticism (First Series, 1865; Second Series, 1888) and Culture and Anarchy. The first essay in the 1865 volume, �The Function of Criticism at the Present Time,� is an overture

Korhogo

2005-01-25T16:21:00.000-08:00

Town, north central C�te d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast). The town's traditional founder was Nangui (Nengu�), a 14th-century Senufo (Senoufo) patriarch from Kong. Modern Korhogo (Heritage) is the chief trade centre (corn [maize], manioc, millet, and yams) for the Senufo farmers of the savanna. Muslim Fulani herdsmen from the north also helped make it a major centre for livestock (cattle, sheep,

Teapot Dome Scandal

2005-01-24T04:27:00.000-08:00

Also called �the Oil Reserves, or Elk Hills, Scandal, � in American history, scandal of the early 1920s surrounding the secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior, Albert B. Fall. After President Warren G. Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921, Fall secretly granted to Harry F. Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive

Nabulus

2005-01-23T20:33:00.000-08:00

Shechem, a Canaanite city, was important in ancient Palestine because of its position in an east - west pass between

Port Dickson

2005-01-22T11:43:00.000-08:00

Town, south-central West Malaysia (Malaya), on the Strait of Malacca. The port, now in decline, was used extensively during the late 19th century to export the tin mined in the foothills of the state. Now chiefly a seaside resort with a fishing village, it is connected by rail with the inland entrep�t of Seremban, 17 miles (27 km) northeast. Oil refineries are concentrated along the

Ate

2005-01-21T23:00:00.000-08:00

Greek mythological figure who induced rash and ruinous actions by both gods and men. She made Zeus take a hasty oath that resulted in the Greek hero Heracles becoming subject to Eurystheus, ruler of Mycenae. Zeus thereupon cast Ate out of Olympus, after which she remained on earth, working evil and mischief. She was followed by the Litai (�Prayers�), the old and crippled

Ate

2005-01-20T06:11:00.000-08:00

Any of about a dozen species of tropical American rodents resembling the small forest-dwelling hoofed animals of tropical Africa and Asia (see chevrotain; duiker; royal antelope). Agoutis weigh up to 6 kg (13 pounds), with an elongated body measuring up to 76 cm (2.5 feet) long. They have a large head and rump but slender legs, comparatively small ears, and a tiny, inconspicuous,

Capricornus

2005-01-19T11:47:00.000-08:00

In astrology, Capricornus (also Capricorn) is the 10th sign of the zodiac, considered as

Bradford, William

2005-01-18T11:20:00.000-08:00

Bradford learned the printer's trade in London and then immigrated to Pennsylvania in 1682. Settling in Philadelphia, he opened

John Hyrcanus I

2005-01-17T07:08:00.000-08:00

Hyrcanus was the youngest son of Simon

Scherzo

2005-01-16T20:39:00.000-08:00

Plural �Scherzos, or Scherzi, � in music, frequently the third movement of a symphony, sonata, or string quartet; also, in the Baroque era (c. 1600 - c. 1750), a light vocal or instrumental piece (e.g., the Scherzi musicali of Claudio Monteverdi, 1607), and, in the 19th century, an independent orchestral composition. In symphonies, sonatas, and string quartets of the 19th century, the scherzo replaced the 18th-century minuet. Unlike the

Tragedy, Aeschylus: the first great tragedian

2005-01-14T04:49:00.000-08:00

It is this last question that Aeschylus asks most insistently in his two most famous works, the Oresteia (a trilogy comprising Agamemnon, Choephoroi, and Eumenides) and Prometheus Bound (the first part of a trilogy of which the last two parts have been lost): is it right that Orestes, a young man in no way responsible for his situation, should be commanded by a god, in the name

Sian

2005-01-13T06:18:00.000-08:00

Cities have existed in the area since the

Ust-ilimsk

2005-01-12T16:00:00.000-08:00

City and administrative centre of Ust-Ilimsk rayon (sector), Irkutsk oblast (province), south-central Russia. It became a city in 1973 in connection with the building of the nearby Ust-Ilimsk dam and hydroelectric-power station on the Angara River. A huge timber-processing complex was constructed there in the early 1980s. Pop. (1994 est.) 111,100.

Arguedas Mendieta, Antonio

2005-01-11T21:14:00.000-08:00

Bolivian political leader (b. 1929?, Bolivia - d. Feb. 22, 2000, La Paz, Bol.), rose to become Bolivia's minister of the interior during the 1964 - 69 military dictatorship of Gen. Ren� Barrientos; recruited by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency in 1965, he aided efforts to defeat a guerrilla group in eastern Bolivia led by Che Guevara. Following the capture and execution of Guevara in 1967, Arguedas became disenchanted

U-boat

2005-01-10T02:05:00.000-08:00

German �U-boot, �abbreviation �of Unterseeboot� (�undersea boat�), a German submarine. The destruction of enemy shipping by German U-boats was a spectacular feature of both World Wars I and II.

Jesus Christ, Early heresies

2005-01-09T02:30:00.000-08:00

These misinterpretations

Smith, David

2005-01-08T01:54:00.000-08:00

Smith was never trained as a sculptor, but

Tectonic Basins And Rift Valleys

2005-01-07T22:31:00.000-08:00

Landforms characterized by relatively steep, mountainous sides and flat floors. The steep sides are created by displacement on faults such that the valley floor moves down relative to the surrounding margins, or, conversely, the margins move up relative to the floor. Differences in the elevations of valley floors and surrounding mountains or plateaus range from

Aepinus, Franz Maria Ulrich Theodor Hoch

2005-01-06T06:32:00.000-08:00

Aepinus studied medicine before turning to physics and mathematics. His work in these new fields resulted

New Bern

2005-01-05T09:18:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1722) of Craven county, eastern North Carolina, U.S. It lies at the confluence of the Neuse and Trent Rivers, about 35 miles (55 km) northeast of Jacksonville. The second oldest town in North Carolina, New Bern was settled in 1710 by Freiherr (baron) Christophe von Graffenried of Bern, Switzerland. It was incorporated in 1723 after near destruction by Native Americans. Colonial North

Metamorphic Rock, Pyroxene-hornfels facies

2005-01-04T18:30:00.000-08:00

Rocks of the pyroxene-hornfels facies are characteristically formed near larger granitic or gabbroic bodies at depths of a few kilometres or at pressures of a few hundred bars. The mineral assemblages are again largely anhydrous, but, unlike the sanidinite facies, the minerals reflect distinctly lower temperatures. One of the classic descriptions of such rocks

Table Tennis

2005-01-03T15:42:00.000-08:00

Invented in England in the early days of the 20th century, the game was originally called Ping-Pong, a trade name. The name table tennis was adopted in 1921 - 22 when the old Ping-Pong Association formed in 1902 was revived. The original association had broken up about 1905, though apparently the game continued to be played in parts of England outside London and by the 1920s was being played in

Dietz, Robert S.

2005-01-02T04:04:00.000-08:00

Dietz was educated at the University of Illinois (B.S., 1937; M.S., 1939; Ph.D., 1941). After serving as an officer in the U.S. Army Air Corps during World War II, he became a civilian scientist with the U.S. Navy. In this capacity, he supervised the oceanographic research on

China, Nationalist deterioration

2005-01-01T07:42:00.000-08:00

The military weakness in 1944 was symptomatic of a gradual deterioration that had taken place in most aspects of Nationalist Chinese public life. Inflation began to mount alarmingly as the government pumped in large amounts of paper currency to make up its fiscal deficits. Salaries of government employees, army officers, teachers, and all those on wages fell far behind

Water Purification

2004-12-31T01:28:00.000-08:00

The first treatment plant was built in 1829 to purify Thames River water by filtration. After the London cholera epidemic of 1854 was traced to a public well,

Visual-field Defect

2004-12-30T20:36:00.000-08:00

A blind spot (scotoma) or blind area within the normal bounds of vision. In most cases the blind spots or areas are persistent, but in some instances they may be temporary and shifting, as in the scotomata of migraine headache. Narrowing of the fields of vision may be due to syphilitic inflammation of the optic nerves or to glaucoma. In this type of defect the field of vision

Iran, Ancient, Mithradates II

2004-12-29T21:07:00.000-08:00

The reign of Mithradates II, from 123 to 88 BC, constitutes the most glorious chapter of Parthian history. It put an end to the ambitions of Artabanus's son Himerus, left by his father as governor of Mesopotamia, and brought Hyspaosines, king of Mesene (Characene), who had extended his possessions too far toward the north, back into submission. In the east the Saka were on the move - soon

Ireland

2004-12-28T13:16:00.000-08:00

The republic of Ireland, separated from Great Britain by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St. George's Channel, shares its island with Northern Ireland to the northeast. Area: 70,285 sq km (27,137 sq mi). Pop. (1994 est.): 3,512,000. Cap.: Dublin. Monetary unit: Irish pound (punt), with (Oct. 7, 1994) a free rate of �Ir 0.64 to U.S. $1 (�Ir 1.01 = �1 sterling). President in 1994, Mary Robinson; prime ministers, Albert Reynolds and, from December 15, John

P�rec, Marie-jos�

2004-12-27T17:56:00.000-08:00

P�rec grew up on the West Indian island of Basse-Terre in Guadeloupe, an overseas administrative district of France. In 1984 she was recruited by a visiting French coach who took her to the mainland, where she placed second in the 200-metre dash at the

Andrew Of Carniola

2004-12-25T23:33:00.000-08:00

From the scant data available on Andrew's life, it appears that he was

Abdul Rahman, Tuanku (king)

2004-12-24T05:00:00.000-08:00

The son of Tuanku Mohammed,

Indigestion

2004-12-23T01:35:00.000-08:00

Also called �dyspepsia� any or all of the symptoms - abdominal discomfort, belching, flatulence, aversion to eating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, heartburn - associated with the malfunctioning of the digestive system. Indigestion may be caused by disease, but it primarily occurs because of stress, improper eating habits, excessive smoking, exorbitant consumption of coffee or

Durfort Family

2004-12-21T09:49:00.000-08:00

The family, which can be traced back to the 11th century, claims as a member Guy Aldonce I de Durfort (1605 - 65), Marquis de Duras, who raised three famous sons: Jacques Henri I (1625 - 1704), marshal of France (1675) and Duke de Duras (1689); Guy Aldonce II (1630 - 1702), marshal of France (1676) and Duke de Quintin (1691); and Louis (1638 - 1709), who went to England and became 2nd Earl of Feversham

Tu-16

2004-12-19T19:33:00.000-08:00

The TU-16 carried a crew of six and

Osage

2004-12-18T05:43:00.000-08:00

North American Indian tribe of the Dhegiha branch of the Siouan linguistic stock. They are now concentrated on a reservation in northeastern Oklahoma. Like other members of this subgroup (the Omaha, Ponca, Kansa, and Quapaw), the Osage migrated westward from the Atlantic coast, settling first in the Piedmont Plateau between the James and Savannah rivers in Virginia

Eliade, Mircea

2004-12-17T17:47:00.000-08:00

Eliade took an M.A. in philosophy from the University of Bucharest

Aesthetics, Expressionism

2004-12-16T01:37:00.000-08:00

After Kant and Hegel, the most important influence on modern aesthetics has been Croce. His oft-cited Estetica come scienza dell' espressione e linguistica generale (1902; Aesthetic as Science of Expression and General Linguistics, or Aesthetic) presents, in a rather novel idiom, some of the important insights underlying the theories of his predecessors. In this work,

Farandole

2004-12-15T07:30:00.000-08:00

Lively and popular chain dance of Provence and Catalonia. It was mentioned as early as the 14th century and, according to tradition, was taken to Marseille from Greece by Phoenician sailors. Performed on feast days, the farandole is danced by men and women holding hands in a chain. The dancers, following the steps introduced by the chain leader, wind through the streets

Perfume

2004-12-14T15:11:00.000-08:00

Fragrant product that results from the artful blending of certain odoriferous substances in appropriate proportions. The word is derived from the Latin per fumum, meaning �through smoke.� The art of perfumery was apparently known to the ancient Chinese, Hindus, Egyptians, Israelites, Carthaginians, Arabs, Greeks, and Romans. References to perfumery materials and

Argentina, Oil, steel, and motor vehicles

2004-12-13T23:53:00.000-08:00

The steel industry in Argentina

Medicine, The industrial and the personal physician

2004-12-12T01:04:00.000-08:00

When a worker also has a personal physician, there may be doubt, in some cases, as to which physician bears the main responsibility for his health. When someone has an accident or becomes acutely ill at work, the first aid is given or directed by the industrial physician. Subsequent treatment may be given either at the clinic at work or by the personal physician. Because

Heterogeneous Reaction

2004-12-11T07:35:00.000-08:00

Any of a class of chemical reactions in which the reactants are components of two or more phases (solid and gas, solid and liquid, two immiscible liquids) or in which one or more reactants undergo chemical change at an interface, e.g., on the surface of a solid catalyst. The reaction of metals with acids, the electrochemical changes that occur in batteries and electrolytic

Neo-volc�nica, Cordillera

2004-12-10T14:46:00.000-08:00

Also called �Eje Volc�nico� (Spanish: �Volcanic Axis�), volcanic mountain range traversing central Mexico from Cape Corrientes on the west coast, southeast to Jalapa and Veracruz on the east coast. The nation's cultural - historical centre, the Cordillera forms the southern boundary of Mexico's Mesa Central and contains such volcanic peaks as Citlalt�petl (Orizaba; 18,406 feet [5,610 m]), Popocat�petl (17,930 feet [5,465 m]), and

Neo-volc�nica, Cordillera

2004-12-09T16:00:00.000-08:00

The first regionwide Asia-Pacific multilateral forum for official consultations on peace and security issues. An outgrowth of the annual ministerial-level meeting of members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the states serving as ASEAN's �dialogue partners,� the ARF provides a setting for discussion and diplomacy and the development of